We
here provide a cost and quantity comparison of the two alternative
development types. Certain results of this analysis, all of
which are detailed in the matrix below, are
worth special mention. As noted previously, the Sustainable
Alternative option provides over four times as many dwelling units
per hectare as does the Status Quo option. Please remember that
this density is important for a variety of reasons, not the least
of which is to insure a viable transit service and to create the conditions
necessary for supporting commercial services within walking distance
of all residences. Counter intuitively, the percent impervious
surface on both sites is about the same - about half. The Sustainable
Alternative option performs better than expected here because the
dwelling units in the Sustainable Alternative option are relatively
thin and tall, roads are narrower, and lanes are paved with permeable
materials.
On
a per dwelling unit basis, the cost for infrastructure in the Sustainable
Alternative Option is less than one fifth the cost of infrastructure
per dwelling unit in the Status Quo Plan, amounting to a difference
of over $19,000 per dwelling unit. The savings come from reducing
road widths, from allowing gravel lanes, from the shorter distances
between utility hookups, from the instances were there are multiple
units on a lot using the same hookups, and from placing utility
lines on poles in the lane.
The
average cost per dwelling unit in the Status Quo option is $90,000
more than the average cost per Sustainable Alternative option dwelling
unit. Some of this difference is due to the slightly smaller
size of the average Sustainable Alternative option home. Most
of the saving comes from dramatically lower land and infrastructure
cost component of the dwelling unit production price. Despite
the land efficiency of the Sustainable Alternative option, every
dwelling unit still includes at least a small terrace or back yard,
and in some cases a back yard comparable to those found in the Status
Quo development.
Finally,
an important consideration for the City is the relationship between
the value of its homes and the future cost of replacing the infrastructure
that serves them. The higher the relative value of the homes
to the replacement cost of the infrastructure the better.
We assume that the total cost to build is a roughly accurate gauge
of future tax assessment value. Consequently the value of
the Sustainable Alternative option is roughly three times that of
the Status Quo option per unit of infrastructure. This suggests
that the Sustainable Alternative option will require only one third
the public expenditure for infrastructure replacement (per unit
building value) as would the Status Quo option. Our computations
do not consider the effect of the two alternative proposals on off-site
infrastructure; however, most assessments of this question support
the common sense conclusion that a tighter community pattern requires
lower per capita expenditures for roads, storm drains, utility trunk
lines, and sanitary systems than in more sprawling communities.
Quantity Comparisons
|
The Status Quo
Development
|
The Sustainable
Alternative Development
|
Site Size
|
hectares |
4.27
|
5.6
|
acres |
10.5
|
14
|
Total Dwelling Units
|
41
|
248
|
Gross Density
|
d.u./ha |
9.6
|
44.3
|
d.u./acre |
3.9
|
17.7
|
Floor Area Ratio
|
net (lots only) |
0.3
|
1.3
|
gross (lots and right of ways) |
0.2
|
0.7
|
Average Unit Size
|
sq.m. |
214
|
195
|
sq.ft. |
2300(1)
|
2090(2)
|
Average Utility Run
|
m./d.u. |
13.8
|
4.5
|
ft./d.u. |
45.3
|
14.8
|
Pavement
|
sq.m./d.u. |
229
|
63
|
sq.ft./d.u. |
2463.7
|
667.8
|
Site Permeability (%)
|
50
|
49
|
Land Cost (3)
|
per dwelling unit
|
$76,820.00
|
$16,935.00
|
per interior square metre
|
$359.00
|
$108.00
|
per interior square foot
|
$33.40
|
$10.00
|
Building Cost (4)
|
per dwelling unit
|
$138, 000.00
|
$126,000.00
|
Infrastructure Cost
|
Roadworks
|
$218,894.20
|
$252,059.63
|
Boulevarde Landscaping
|
$30,000.00
|
$48,897.64
|
Storm Sewer
|
$205,820.00
|
n/a
|
Water Mains |
$113,705.00
|
$191,627.44
|
Water Tie-ins and Connections |
$18,177.00
|
$58,521.07
|
Sanitary Sewers
|
$135,255.00
|
$260,384.55
|
Sanitary Tie-ins and Connections |
$5,000.00
|
$16,097.00
|
Street Lighting |
$44,000
|
$71,716.54
|
Lot Grading and/or swales |
$24,450
|
$24,450
|
Hydro / Telephone Installation (buried
services) |
$54,000.00
|
n/a
|
Asphalt Overlay |
$24,553.00
|
$28,270.97
|
Boulevarde Tree Planting
|
$20,000.00
|
$35,598.42
|
Utilities |
$54,000.00
|
$105,716.40
|
Walkways and Emergency Access |
$12,500.00
|
n/a
|
Walkway Landscaping |
$4,000.00
|
n/a
|
Total Infrastructure Cost |
entire site |
$964,354.00
|
$1,093,340.00
|
per dwelling unit |
$23,520.83
|
$4,408.63
|
per interior sq. m. |
$109.90
|
$28.10
|
per interior sq.ft. |
$10.20
|
$2.61
|
Total Cost per Dwelling Unit |
land +
construction + infrastructure
(5) |
$238,340.00 |
$147,343.00 |
Notes:
1 Includes only two habitable floors
2 Includes four occupiable floors
3 Assumes $300,000/acre for raw land
4 Assumes $60.00/sq.ft. Construction costs for building
5 Does not include DCCs, developer profit, carrying costs,
permit, fees, Realtor fees, etc.
|
|
|